Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a widely used technique for estimating body composition and it is particularly useful in large, population-based studies because it is quick, portable, inexpensive and noninvasive.  Using the resistance and reactance measurements of the human body in tetrapolar mode and in multi frequency from 1 to 500 KHz, the appropriate algorithms issue from the peer reviews will allow the estimation of the body composition.

The Galvanic Skin Response (GSR) is defined as a change in the electrical properties of the skin. The signal can be used for capturing the autonomic nerve responses as a parameter of the sweat gland function. The measurement is relatively simple, and has a good repeatability. Therefore, the GSR measurement can be considered to be a simple and useful tool for examination of the autonomous nervous system function, and especially the peripheral sympathetic system.

The phenomenon that is the focus of this report is the oscillation in the interval between consecutive heart beats as well as the oscillations between consecutive instantaneous heart rates. ‘Heart Rate Variability’ has become the conventionally accepted term to describe variations of both instantaneous heart rate and RR intervals. In order to describe oscillation in consecutive cardiac cycles, other terms have been used in the literature, for example cycle length variability, heart period variability, RR variability and RR interval tachogram, and they more appropriately emphasize the fact that it is the interval between consecutive beats that is being analysed rather than the heart rate per sec.

Analysis of the contour of the peripheral pulse to assess arterial properties was first described in the nineteenth century. With the recognition of the importance of arterial stiffness there has been a resurgence of interest in pulse wave analysis, particularly the analysis of the radial pressure pulse acquired using a tonometer. An alternative technique utilizes a volume pulse. This may conveniently be acquired optically from a finger (digital volume pulse). Although less widely used, this technique deserves further consideration because of its simplicity and ease of use.